Pencil >

The Pasar Johar, Pasar Jatingaleh, and Pasar Randusari are three covered naturally ventilated markets found in Semarang, Central Java designed by Dutch-Indonesian architect-planner Thomas Karsten. The markets serve as case studies of architectural resilience in the rapidly densifying equatorial city. This paper defines building resilience, atmospheric calibration, and durability as a means to produce spatial, physical, and cultural longevity through an architectural lens, rather than the scale of the city. It posits that resilience occurs through local manifestations- that architecture itself is a fundamental component of urban resilience.